The hybrid is moderately tolerant to yellow vein mosaic virus. The virus is transmitted by the whitely bemisia tabaci. Association of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus dnab with. Yellow vein mosaic disease yvmd caused by whitefly. It was first found in 1924 in bombay, india, and sri lanka. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv is a monopartite begomovirus, associated with a satellite molecule figure1e,f. Epidemiology of okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv and its. Okra plants have small erect stems that can be bristly or hairless with heartshaped leaves. Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi abelomoschus esculents or vein clearing of bhindi most devastating disease in all the bhindi growing regions of india. Diversity and phylogeography of begomovirusassociated beta.
Yield loss due to this virus is quite high, up to 8094 percent is. Byvmv can systemically infect bhendi upon agroinoculation but. In extreme cases, the infected leaves become totally yellow or cream color. Occurrence of begomovirus associated with yellow vein mosaic.
Accepted and proposed virus species transmitted by whiteflies family geminiviridae genus begomovirus abutilon mosaic virus abmv african cassava mosaic virus acmv ageratum enation virus aev ageratum leaf curl virus alcuv ageratum yellow vein hualian virus ayvhuv ageratum yellow vein sri lanka virus ayvslv ageratum yellow vein virus ayvv. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease byvmd and okra enation leaf curl disease oelcud are common diseases of okrabhendi abelmoschus esculentus l. Yellow vein mosaic is a devastating disease of okra, caused by monopartite and bipartite begomovirus and associate satellites. Association of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus and cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite with capsicum annuum from kashmir valley, india rahul mohan singh 1,2, shivangi sharma 1, aijaz a.
Occurrence of begomovirus associated with yellow vein. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in india is caused by association of a dna. It was first found in 1924 in bombay of india and sri lanka. Yellow vein mosaic virus disease being a serious problem in okra cultivation, concerted effort was made to develop high yielding as well as yvmv resistant varieties in the country. Nazuk is a high yielding hybrid with moderate tolerance to yellow vein mosaic virus. In case the plants get infected at early stages of development it causes 80% of crop loss. Dna methylation suppression by bhendi yellow vein mosaic. Yellow vein mosaic of okra bhindi 1940 uppal et al. While 37 sequences shared between 891 and 935% nucleotide sequence identity with a bhendi yellow vein mosaic. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in india is caused by. Byvmv can systemically infect bhendi upon agroinoculation but produces only mild leaf curling in this host. Byvmv is needed for dna replication, encapsidation and viral movement, while satellite is essential for high accumulation of viral dna and the expression of typical symptoms 19,20.
The variety saloni f1 was highly resistant while subz pari was moderately resistant. The phylogenetic analysis of full genome showed the closest relationship with bhendi yellow vein mosaic. Jan 20, 2003 yellow vein mosaic disease is the major limitation in the production of bhendi or okra abelmoschus esculentus, an important vegetable crop of india. By selecting varieties resistant to yellow vein mosaic like parbhani kranti, arka abhay, arka anamika, and varsha uphar, the incidence of the disease can be minimised.
First report of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus associated with yellow vein mosaic of okra abelmoschus esculentus in thailand. Dec 21, 2011 bhendi yellow vein betasatellite byvb isolates are blue, okra leaf curl betasatellite olcub isolates in red and croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite cyvmv isolates in yellow. Four varieties of okra were subjected to screening and evaluation of the chemicals. First yellow vein mosaic virus in interspecific crosses of okra. The fruits are dark green, slender, less fibrous and sparsely pubescent. Parbhani kranti, janardhan, haritha, arka anamika and arka abhay can tolerate yellow vein mosaic.
Okra yellow vein mosaic virus as of 2015 after ictv. This viral disease is prevalent wherever the crop is grown especially during the rainy season. Pdf resistance to bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease. Yellow vein mosaic virus, screening, bhendi abelmoschus esculentus l. As a singlestranded dna ssdna virus, it should be amenable to transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing tgs and ptgs. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Analyses of putative iteronbinding sequence required for. Yellow vein mosaic is a disease in bhindi which is characterized by a homogenous interwoven net work of yellow veins enclosing islands of green tissue within.
The chemical imidacloprid was most effective to control whitefly population and okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv. In this study, we have made an attempt to investigate the diversity of begomoviral and. Lecture 10 diseases of bhendi bhendi cercospora leaf spots. The following points highlight the four main diseases caused by virus in plants. Worldwide they are responsible for a considerable amount of economic damage to many important crops such as tomatoes, beans, squash, cassava and cotton. Bhendi crop suffers from several biotic stresses among the important diseases of this crop bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease is one of the most severe diseases leading to heavy losses of the crop. For studying the phylogeny of the associated beta satellite a maximum likelihood tree was generated using mega6 software. Disease management tamil nadu agricultural university. Bhendi yellow vein india virus as of 2015 after ictv. Bhendiyellowveinmosaicdiseaseinindiaiscausedbyassociation. It is the major limitation of the production of okra. Begomovirus characterization, and development of phenotypic.
Moench affecting both pod yield and quality in the indian subcontinent. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv or okra yellow vein mosaic oyvmv is a viral disease caused by monopartite begomovirus affecting okra plants. Byvmd is caused by the infection of a begomovirus and associated betasatellite. They are plant viruses that as a group have a very wide host range, infecting dicotyledonous plants. Both the leaf spots cause severe defoliation and are common during humid seasons. Further, the dnablike sequences associated with the three virus isolates shared no more than 90% sequence identity with tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv. The disease on each of test entries was assessed by ali and khans scale 14. C1 to be having different levels of influence on ptgs. Okra, abelmoschus esculentus, is an herbaceous annual plant in the family malvaceae which is grown for its edible seed pods. Tsai ws, shih sl, lee lm, wang jt, duangsong u, kenyon l, 20. Yellow mosaic of bhendi hibiscus esculentusabelmoschus esculentus is stated to be widespread in the poona district of india, where it seriously affects fruit production the first perceptible symptom is clearing of the small veins, and then of the larger ones, the illdefined, yellowishgreen to pale yellow areas later extending into the mesophyll. Pdf bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in india is caused.
The isolates for which betasatellites were determined in this study are indicated by their isolate codes table 1 whereas previously determined isolates are. It is an important vegetable grown extensively in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate zones of the world charrier. Apr 18, 2015 the hybrid is moderately tolerant to yellow vein mosaic virus. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic betasatellite wikispecies. Dna methylation suppression by bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus. Complex nature of infection associated 5 with yellow vein. The yellow vein mosaic disease of okra yvmd is caused by bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv and this virus is believed to be originated in india. White fly bemisia tabaci this is the most important factor limiting cultivation of okra throughout india. All intext references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on researchgate, letting you access and read them immediately. This disease is caused by a complex consisting of the monopartite begomovirus bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv, family. Byvmv bhendi yellow vein mosiac virus bhindi yellow vein mosaic virus. Oct 29, 2019 bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease byvmd and okra enation leaf curl disease oelcud are common diseases of okra bhendi abelmoschus esculentus l. It is caused by whitefly transmitted begomoviruses and results in severe economic losses of the crop.
Evidence for two predominant viral lineages, recombination. Begomovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family geminiviridae. This plant disease is caused by tobacco mosaic virus tmv. Zaidi 1,3, aflaq hamid 4 and vipin hallan 1 1 plant virology lab, csirinstitute of himalayan bioresource technology, palampur, himachal pradesh176061, india.
This disease is caused by a complex consisting of the monopartite begomovirus, bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv, family. Association of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus dnab with bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus in okra showing yellow vein mosaic disease symptoms v. Epidemiology of okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv and its management through tracer, mycotal and imidacloprid 1742. The virus is spread by an insect called a whitefly bemisia tabaci that sucks the cell sap from the underside of the leaves. The first picking starts from 45 47 days after sowing and the fruits are slender,shiny dark green in colour. Cytopathological changes induced by yellow vein mosaic.
It is a cross between varsha uphar selection and pa 4 t. Epidemiology of okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv and. Geminiviridae and a small satellite dna beta component. Satellite with a begomovirus article pdf available in virology 3052.
Symptoms include vein clearing and vein chlorosis of leaves. Physiological response of yellow vein mosaic virusinfected. Diksha was the tolerant variety while lush green was moderately susceptible. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the epidemiological factors of okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv. Bhendi yellow vein mosaic byvmv or yellow vein mosaic of okra oyvmv is a viral disease caused by monopartite begomovirus bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv, family.
Physiological response of yellow vein mosaic virus. Diversity and phylogeography of begomovirusassociated. The yellow vein mosaic disease of okra yvmd is caused by bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus byvmv and was first reported in 1924 from the erstwhile bombay presidency kulkarni 1924. The major production constraint for okra is yellow vein mosaic disease, causing losses with regard to the quality and as well as the yield wherever the crop is grown. Okra diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Yellow vein mosaic disease is the major limitation in the production of bhendi or okra abelmoschus esculentus, an important vegetable crop of india. Natural occurrence of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus on. It was first reported in 1924 from the erstwhile bombay presidency kulkarni, 1924. India ranks first in the world with a production of 6. Bhendi yellow vein betasatellite byvb isolates are blue, okra leaf curl betasatellite olcub isolates in red and croton yellow vein mosaic betasatellite cyvmv isolates in yellow. The seed pod is a capsule up to 25 cm 10 in long, containing numerous seeds. The first picking starts from 4550 days and the fruits are tender, dark green, 12 14 cm long. Infected plants remain stunted and bear very few deformed and small fruits. Diseases caused by virus in plants with control measures.
Correlation of environmental factors maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall with percent plant infection of okra yellow vein mosaic virus oyvmv was also determined. Mosaic and other related diseases of crops in the bombay presidency. If the plants are affected during the early stages of growth, there is a total loss of yield. With development of yvmv resistant variety, pusa sawani, most of the primitive low yielding local cultivars has become less significant. Moench is considered as an important vegetable crop of the tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. In the present study a new begomovirus oybhu isolate infecting okra showing yellow vein symptoms from bhubhaneswar, india was characterized. Okra is known as bhendi or bhindi in most parts of northern india. Pdf bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease in india is caused by.
With an aim to record the distribution pattern of this disease, an investigation was undertaken at different commercial and experimental farms of the bahraich region at uttar pradesh located in the northern part of india. Genetics of resistance to kumar j, kumar a, singh s p, roy j k and lalit a. Association of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus and cotton. Gopal department of plant biotechnology, school of biotechnology, madurai kamaraj university, madurai 625 021, india abelmoschus esculentus bhendi is a traditional vegetable crop widely cultivated and consumed commonly in india. The leaves are 1020 cm 48 in long with 57 lobes the plant produces flowers with five white to yellow petals which are 48 cm 1. Roving survey conducted during kharif 2008 and summer season 2009 in four districts of karnataka indicated more severe disease incidence during. It has resistance to yellow vein mosaic virus disease with high level of market preference. With development of yvmv resistant variety, pusa sawani, most of the primitive low yielding local cultivars has.
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